Development and Diversification of Living Organisms Assignment

Development and Diversification of Living Organisms - Assignment Example The complete set of genes within a living organism’s cell is called genotype. On the other hand, the complete set of physical characteristics that make up the structure of an organism is called phenotype. The limitations of these factors will inhibit the reproduction process, which of course results differ from one species to another because of the differences in characteristics that are inherited and environmental influences. This variation is also the result of a process called mutation, which is caused by radiation, viruses, and errors during DNA replication. Genes that arise by mutation and found at the same place on a chromosome is known as an allele. Thus, it can be said that evolution is the result of two opposing forces. According to Hardy-Weinberg’s Theory, the genotype and allele frequencies of a population will often remain in equilibrium, unless disturbing influences, such as mutation, is present. The equilibrium state is only possible when the genotype and allele frequencies do not change. This happens when a population has a large size, which prevents the occurrence of genetic drift, bottlenecks and founder effects. The equilibrium state also occurs when there is no mutation, as explained earlier and that random mating takes place, which is explained below. However, this is hardly the case. In other words, if the equilibrium state is violated by factors such as those mentioned above, then evolution will take place. The genotype and allele frequencies are influenced by environmental and cultural events. A given genotype frequency can occur with random mating in a single generation as this causes the evolution of a given species, which in turn produces a new equilibrium within that one generation. For instance, continuous random mating of a black-haired population will result in homozygotes. Such violations include inbreeding, assortative mating, and small population size. On the other hand, a change in allele frequency can occur when selection, mutation, and migration happen.

Personality Psychology Essay Example for Free

Personality Psychology Essay Everyday, we meet different kinds of people. It can be our friends, family or new acquaintances. Some of them we already know or even share a common trait. However, it is not always guaranteed that we understand them always. They may behave in this way today, but will be completely different tomorrow. Just as genes contribute to the uniqueness of each one of us, personality in every person is also distinct. Personality is defined as the entire mental organization of a human being at any stage of his development. It embraces every phase of human character: intellect, temperament, skill, morality, and every attitude that has been built up in the course of ones life (Warren Carmichael, 1930). With this concept in mind, we can say that personality is the essence of the human being. He reacts to any life circumstances with his own personality. Psychology regards this as an important factor in understanding people. Personality can work itself on what you are now and how will you be in the future. Research efforts have been expended through the years on how personality develops on one person. Studies on the different patterns of behavior, feelings and thoughts that make a person have been experimented. David and Larsen mentioned in their book that the fundamental components of personality are the following: (1) consistency, which means that people behave in a recognizable order; (2) psychological and physiological, aside from the works of the mind, personality is also governed by biological factors; (3) impact behaviors and actions, it does not only influence how a person respond, but also causes him to act in certain ways and; (4) multiple expressions, personality is embodied not only on one behavior. Given these complexities, it has become a basis of school of thoughts to theorize a person’s personality. Nevertheless, most researchers unite on the fact that personality lies on biological and social systems. Early psychology attributes personality as influence of biological factors. These are what to be known as Type Theories. It tells us that it depends on a person how he reacts on the external environment. One can be extroverted or introverted. Another type of personality theories are the Trait Theories. According to the American Psychiatric Association, traits are enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Traits can be considered also as a big player in defining one’s personality. Overtime, researches on personality has evolved. Earlier, it directs its focus on the person itself, but later on, psychologists acknowledge that the environment the person plays with also dictate his disposition. A person’s personality can change depending on what he sees on other people, not only what he believes in himself. Behavioral and social cognitive theories comprise the contemporary theories on personality. Together with the evolution of personality research, personality tests were also developed. These are very useful nowadays to educational and working environments where people are subjected to diverse kinds of people and experiences. Understanding a person’s personality is an important indicator to teachers and bosses, since this will aid them in handling other people. Personalities of people continue to be a mystery to most of us. However, with how psychology evolves, we can now, if not all, pinpoint the factors that will let us understand how people behave. True enough, it is still a very interesting topic to look on to, given the challenges of the ever changing society. Bibliography Buss, D. M. , Larsen, R. J. (2006). Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature. New York City: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Robins. (2002). Overview of the proceedings of the 2002 meeting of the association for research in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 539-540. Warren, H. C. , Carmichael, L. (1930). Elements of human psychology. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.

Meaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay

Meaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owen's Dulce Et Decorum Est It is sweet and proper to die for one’s country. Sweet! And decorous! If in some smothering dreams you too could pace behind that wagon, my friend, you would not tell with such high zest to children ardent for some desperate glory that old lie†¦. Wilfred Owen titles his poem the Latin translation of what he refers to as â€Å"The old Lie† (Dulce Et Decorum Est), and sets out to disprove it. Using poetry and imagery as his primary tools, Owen recalls the death of his friend in disturbing detail, displaying the meaninglessness of the ordeal. Owen attempts to deny the glory that many believe is to be had through dying in war. Instead of a more traditional argument, however, Owen opts for poetry. In his poem, he tells the tale of soldiers struggling. The struggling turns to anguish once gas is unleashed upon them, preying on one man who was not quick enough to put on his helmet in time. â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.† They quickly put him in a wagon an...

Korean Economic Crisis Essay -- Korea Asia Economy Papers

Korean Economic Crisis problems with format The Korean economy did an important role in the remarkable economic growth, which was so called  ¡Ã‚ °East Asia ¡Ã‚ ¯s miracle ¡Ã‚ ±. At the end of 1997, however, the Korean economy fell into a crisis of default and finally received IMF ¡Ã‚ ¯s relief aid. After that, Korea has been struggling not only to reform its monetary system but also to promote drastic reforms in its economic structure in order to improve the productivity of the Korean industry. Given this context, understanding what truly caused the Korean economic crisis is very important. Without identifying and remedying the fundamental problems, nobody can be sure that Korea will not have the similar kind of economic crisis never again. So, we need to identify what caused the crisis in 1997 and what the Korean government has to do. Therefore, this paper will examine the root cause of Korea's economic crisis in 1997 and present solutions for the stable growth of the Korean economy in the future. 2. Causes of the Korean economic crisis On November 21, 1997, the Korean government formally asked the International Monetary Fund for stand-by loans. With this request, the Korean government admitted its inability to meet international debt payments with its own means. The followings are three popular views about the cause of the Korean economic crisis in 1997(Cho, 1999): First, the currency crisis in Southeast Asian countries mainly Thailand and Indonesia in the summer of 1997 made Korea vulnerable to the attacks of currency speculators. So, the currency speculators turned their attention to Korea after having devoured the Southeast Asian countries. Second, the root cause of the... ...1998. Press Release IV.  ¡Ã‚ °Economic Crisis and Restructuring in Korea, ¡Ã‚ ± International Conference, Dec.3, 1999, Seoul, Korea .(http://www.idep.org/conference12/default_eng.htm) Underwood, Peter(1998), Korea ¡Ã‚ ¯s Current Economic Crisis, Industrial Research & Consulting, Affiliate of Fry Consultants Atlanta, (http://www.fryconsultants.com/new.html) Yang , Woo Jin(2002),  ¡Ã‚ °Roots of the Economic Crisis in Post-Democratization Korea ¡Ã‚ ±. By Eileen Sir, UCLA International Institute, (http://www.isop.ucla.edu/research.asp) http://www.nira.go.jp/newse/research/a151.html http://www.res.org.uk/media/annconf99/demet.htm http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/homepage/Books/koreareform.html http://www.hankooki.com/kt_op/200011/t20001129171159481174.htm http://www.nira.go.jp/newse/research/a151.html http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55a/index-g.html

Madame du Barry: Louis XV’s Favorite Mistress

It has often been said that it is the mistress who truly wields the power on the throne. According to the BBC article The King's Mistress – A Royal Tradition (2005), â€Å"†¦ for centuries, kings across Europe have turned to mistresses for sex, advice and conversation† (BBC News, n. pag. ). In exchange for the sex and companionship that they provided to their respective paramours, these women were able to obtain â€Å"great personal wealth, security and a rare chance of political power† (BBC News, n. pag.). But in the case of Madame du Barry (1743-1793), a king's mistress can also bring about the end of his regime (BBC News, n. pag. ).Madame Jeanne Becu Comtesse du Barry was born as Marie-Jeanne Becu at Vaucouleurs, Lorraine on August 19, 1743 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She was the illigitimate daughter of Anne Becu, who was said to have worked either as a seamstress or a cook in Paris (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie-Jeanne's biological father was believed to be Je an Baptiste Gormand de Vaubernier, a friar who went by the name of â€Å"Brother Angel† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). However, it was Anne's lover, Monsieur Billard-Dumonceaux, who paid for her education at the convent of St. Aure (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Marie-Jeanne left the convent at age 15 and moved to Paris, where she assumed the name Jeanne Rancon (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She held various jobs during her stay in Paris, which included being an assistant to a young hairdresser named Lametz (with whom she was rumored to have a daughter), a companion to Madame de la Garde (known to be a lonely aristocrat) and a miliner's assistant in A La Toilette, an enterprise of a certain Monsieur Labille (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). In 1763, her beauty caught the eye of well-heeled pimp and casino owner Jean du Barry (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).He then proceeded to turn her into his mistress and groomed her career as a courtesan that catered only to the Parisian elite (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie-Jeanne becam e a courtesan for four years (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ), working under the alias of Mademoiselle Lange (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Although several of her wealthy customers eventually became her benefactors, Du Barry wanted to use her to control King Louis XV (1715-1774) (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Du Barry's ambition was realized when Marie-Jeanne and his brother, Comte Guillaume du Barry, were married in 1769 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Marie-Jeanne's marriage to a nobleman qualified her to become Louis XV's official royal mistress (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). On April 2, 1769, Madame du Barry was formally intoroduced to the family of the king and the French royal court (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). In sharp contrast to Madame de Pompadour (1721-1764), another of Louis XV's mistresses, Du Barry had minimal political clout over the king (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Her only participation in politcs was her membership in the faction that deposed Etienne Francois de Choiseul from his position as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1770 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Du Barry instead spent her time â€Å"having new gowns made and ordering jewelry of every shape, size and colour† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She also took the place of De Pompadour as Louis XV's favorite mistress (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ). However, Du Barry's genteel life in Versailles Palace was not without problems. She had a bitter feud with French Dauphine Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) primarily because of the latter's support of De Choiseul (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie Antoinette also refused to have anything to do with Du Barry due to her disgust with the latter's personal background (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ).Furthermore, Louis XV requested prior to his demise in May 1774 that Du Barry be banished to the Abbey of Pont aux-Dames, where her letters and visits were strictly monitored (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ). Historians believed that the king's relationship with Du Barry might have hindered him from receiving an absolution before his death; hence, his decision to send her away (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Du Barry lived in the convent for two years, before moving to the Chateau de Louveciennes (Wikipedia, n. pag. ) in 1776 (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ).Although Du Barry was noted for her â€Å"her good nature and support of artists† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ), the French people despised her due to the lavish lifestyle that the king subjected her to (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). By the late 1780s, France was in the midst of a severe fiscal crisis (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Its economy suffered due to the monarchy's tedious and archaic bookkeeping system (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Furthermore, the country also did not have a national bank (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Even if the majority of France's nobility and clergy were extremely well-off, they were taxed considerably less than the poor peasants (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).The royalty likewise had to take on crippling debts just to finance the very expensive wars it got itself in to – the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748), the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) and the American Revolution (1775-1783) (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). While the country's upper classes wallowed in wealth and the monarchy engaged in one expensive hostility after another, ordinary French citizens starved due to skyrocketing prices of bread (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).The increasing animosity between France's nobility and bourgeoisie resulted in the French Revolution (1789-1799) (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Under the Revolution, â€Å"France was temporarily transformed from an absolute monarchy, where the king monopolized power, to a republic of theoretically free and equal citizens† (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Simply put, the French Revolution served as the retribution for all the injustices that the French royalty inflicted upon its people. At the height of the Revolution, revolutionaries guillotined nobles, their allies and anyone who opposed the uprising (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Du Barry went to England several times in 1792 to supposedly recover stolen jewelry (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).As a result, she was accused of secretly providing financial assistance to the England-based opponents of the new French republic (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris apprehended Du Barry on treason charges in 1793 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Following a premeditated trial, she was finally guillotined at the Place de la Concorde on December 8, 1793 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Mistresses like Madame du Barry lived lives of wealth, comfort and power. But their affluence and prominence did not come without a tragic price, as they attained these at the expense of so many impoverished citizens.The hedonistic existence of these women sickened their countrymen to the point that they finally rose up and demanded change for their resepctive countries and governments. It would be fair to say that mistresses can serve as the ultimate warning to any leader who will use his po sition to enrich himself and his associates. The people may tolerate corruption for a remarkably long time. But once they take power into their own hands, there is no government on earth that they cannot overthrow. Works Cited â€Å"French Revolution. † 2007. MSN Encarta.22 April 2008 . â€Å"Madame du Barry. † 2008. Marie Antoinette. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"Madame du Barry. † 9 April 2008. Wikipedia. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"Marie Jeanne Becu du Barry. † 2007. MSN Encarta. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"The King's Mistress – A Royal Tradition. † 27 April 2005. BBC News. 22 April 2008 .

Free Essays on New Deal In South Carolina

, â€Å"I pledge you- I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people† (Huff 374). This New Deal, of Roosevelt’s, was a series of actions that FDR took to meet the immediate needs of the American people. Congress stayed in session day and night for a hundred days, passing bills that were urged by Roosevelt. This period of the New Deal is referred to as the Hundred Days (Huff 374). The new president quickly won the confidence of most Americans through his dramatic speeches and his New Deal. FDR gave inspiration and hope to the underprivileged and the unemployed and reassured the country that it had â€Å"nothing to fear but fear itself.† President Roosevelt’s cabinet consisted of one South Carolinian, Daniel A. Roper, as Secretary of Commerce. As the Democrats controlled both houses of Congress, some South Carolinians, because of their seniority, attained important committee assignments (Lander 73). The New Deal had both positive and negative effects on South Carolina. The New Deal help South Carolina’s agriculture, economy, and the work force, but it also hurt some of the people. Some important New Deal measures, which are also referred to as the alphabet agencies, to affect South Carolina were the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA), Farm Credit Administration (FCA), the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), ... Free Essays on New Deal In South Carolina Free Essays on New Deal In South Carolina THE NEW DEAL’S EFFECTS ON SOUTH CAROLINA In the presidential election of 1932, the American people were looking for a change and elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). Roosevelt promised to act to end the Great Depression. He urged programs to deal with what he referred to as the â€Å"forgotten man† during the depression. These programs included legislation to end the financial crisis, grant relief, and regulation of agriculture and industry. FDR accepted the Democratic nomination for president with the words, â€Å"I pledge you- I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people† (Huff 374). This New Deal, of Roosevelt’s, was a series of actions that FDR took to meet the immediate needs of the American people. Congress stayed in session day and night for a hundred days, passing bills that were urged by Roosevelt. This period of the New Deal is referred to as the Hundred Days (Huff 374). The new president quickly won the confidence of most Americans through his dramatic speeches and his Ne w Deal. FDR gave inspiration and hope to the underprivileged and the unemployed and reassured the country that it had â€Å"nothing to fear but fear itself.† President Roosevelt’s cabinet consisted of one South Carolinian, Daniel A. Roper, as Secretary of Commerce. As the Democrats controlled both houses of Congress, some South Carolinians, because of their seniority, attained important committee assignments (Lander 73). The New Deal had both positive and negative effects on South Carolina. The New Deal help South Carolina’s agriculture, economy, and the work force, but it also hurt some of the people. Some important New Deal measures, which are also referred to as the alphabet agencies, to affect South Carolina were the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA), Farm Credit Administration (FCA), the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), ...

Thugs or Thuggees of India

Thugs or Thuggees of India The Thugs or Thuggees were organized gangs of criminals in India who preyed upon trade caravans and wealthy travelers.   They operated like a secret society, and often reportedly included otherwise respectable members of society.   The leader of a Thuggee group was called a jemadar, a term that means essentially boss-man.   Thugs would meet travelers along the road and befriend them, sometimes camping and traveling with them for several days.   When the time was right, the Thugs would strangle and rob their unsuspecting travel companions, burying the bodies of their victims in mass graves not far from the road, or throwing them down wells. The Thugs may have come into existence as early as the 13th century CE. Although members of the group came from both Hindu and Muslim backgrounds, and all different castes, they shared in the worship of the Hindu goddess of destruction and renewal, Kali. Murdered travelers were considered as offerings to the goddess.   The killings were highly ritualized; the Thugs did not want to spill any blood, so they usually strangled their victims with a rope or a sash. A certain percentage of the stolen goods would also be donated to a temple or shrine honoring the goddess. Some men passed down the rituals and secrets of the Thugs to their sons.   Other recruits would apprentice themselves to established Thug masters, or gurus, and learn the trade in that way.   Occasionally, young children who were accompanying a victim would be adopted by the Thug clan and trained in the ways of the Thugs, as well. It is quite strange that some of the Thugs were Muslim, given the centrality of Kali in the cult.   In the first place, murder is forbidden in the Quran, excepting only lawful executions:   Do not kill a soul that God has made sacrosanct... Whosoever kills a soul, unless it be for murder or for wreaking corruption in the land, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind.   Islam is also very strict about there being only one true God, so making human sacrifices to Kali is extremely un-Islamic. Nonetheless, both Hindu and Muslim Thugs continued to prey upon travelers in what is now India and Pakistan through the nineteenth century.   British colonial officials during the British Raj in India were horrified by the depredations of the Thugs, and set out to suppress the murderous cult. They set up a special police force specifically to hunt the Thugs, and publicized any information about Thuggee movements so that travelers would not be taken unawares. Thousands of accused Thugs were arrested.   They would be executed hanging, jailed for life, or sent into exile. By 1870, most people believe that the Thugs had been destroyed. The word Thug comes from the Urdu thagi, which is taken from the Sanskrit sthaga meaning scoundrel or cunning one. In southern India, the Thugs are also known as Phansigar, signifying strangler or user of a garotte, after their favorite method of dispatching their victims.

Essay on President’s right to indefinite detention of enemiesEssay Writing Service

Essay on President’s right to indefinite detention of enemiesEssay Writing Service Essay on President’s right to indefinite detention of enemies Essay on President’s right to indefinite detention of enemiesThe provision of the US President with the right to detain enemies without the definite time and opportunity of judicial review raises the problem of the violation of their basic human rights and liberties as was the case of Guantanamo. In such a case, even individuals detained as prisoners of war have the right to have access to the judicial review to take decision on their crime or innocence respectively to the existing legal norms and practices. In this regard, the US Congress should determine clearly how far should the right of the US President to detain enemies without the definite time and opportunity of judicial review should extend. The Congress should clarify the issue to prevent the possible violation of human rights of detainees by the US President and the military and law enforcement agencies that are under the President’s command.At the same time, the introduction of the clear regulation of this r ight of the US President is essential to â€Å"prevent the possible misuse of power by the US President† (Dworkin, 2002, p.149), who may just misuse this right to eliminate those individuals, who are dangerous for the interest group the President represents. The experience of Guantanamo proves that such â€Å"limitations and regulations are essential† (Levin-Waldman, 2012, p.183). In fact, such a right is too controversial from the standpoint of human rights to let the US President to exercise this right without any limitations.Therefore, the right of the US President to detain enemies without definite time and opportunity of judicial review has to be limited and clarified by the US Congress, which should regulate the time and procedure of judicial review to prevent the misuse of this right by the US President.

One child policy in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One child policy in China - Research Paper Example Regardless, it must noted that the policy has some exceptions. For example, the policy does not apply to ethnic minorities. In some cases, a family is given a chance to have a second child if the first-born is a girl (Li, Yi, and Zhang) (Feng, Poston Jr. and Wang). The One Child Policy has affected Chinese families in many ways. The research paper evaluates the policy to determine the positive and negative effects of the One-Child Policy on families and the entire Chinese society. The implementation of the one-child policy began nationally in 1979. Approximately 6.1 million couples were given honorary certificates for giving birth to one child only. The couples swore never to give birth in the certificates. The number of one-child families continued to grow in the early 1980s. The rate of growth was approximately 4.4 million families every year (Feng, Poston Jr. and Wang 15). The one-child family norm has become a part of urban families. The growth of these families facilitated significant changes in the Chinese society, family relationships and family structure. Recent there have been changes in the one child policy law. A number of exceptions have been introduced. For example, a farmer who has a daughter only is allowed to give birth to have more than one child. Poor farmers who rely only on farming are allowed to have more than one child if the firstborn is a daughter or disabled. The family lifestyle of all China has been affected by the policy in varied. The policy has also been the source of many problems that currently face the Chinese society. The presence of one child in a family has made it possible for parents to concentrate on providing the best for the child. Most of the children are taken to private schools and given the best education because the parents can afford it. These factors have positively influenced the life that a child lives as he grows. This was not the case before the implementation of

Dinosaur ridge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dinosaur ridge - Assignment Example September 2014 there was a trip to Dinosaur ridge in Denver, which was mainly for hands-on activities that included fossil sifting, gold panning, metal detecting, and dinosaur track painting. At the site there were visitor experts and FODR geologists who took their time in explaining about faulting, volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash, and earthquakes. There were also a lot of other participants like the Denver Fire-fighters Museum and West Metro who came to explain all about these geological phenomenon. As it was explained, every geohazard is different from each other and the difference is based on a number of factors such as the geological composition of the land where it happened. The geological composition may vary in terms of the types of rocks found there or the tectonic activity. For instance, a big earthquake on a barren land would be less problematic than a small earthquake in the middle of a city. Such a small earthquake will cause damages to structures while the one in the desert will hardly cause any damage. Some of the results of geohazard activities at the site were the volcanic ash bends. Such bends were deposited during a volcanic eruption that happened in the present day Colorado. In order to determine the occurrence, crystals of mineral zircon found in the volcanic ash were used to date the rocks. The results showed that the ash was 105.6 million years old, revealing that it must have happened a long time ago. Scientists use radiometric and other dating techniques to measure the age of these geohazards. Therefore, using different rocks obtained from different sites of geohazard locations, scientists are able to date the time that these hazards took place. Other types of geohazards that have been recorded in history include Karst Hazards. These include the different types of sinkholes that occur on the earth’s surface. The sinkholes are of various size and depths. They cause direct risks to infrastructure like buildings if they happen in urban

Variable Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Variable Selection - Essay Example They prefer when the stepwise selection method is used in the algorithm of data analysis programs such as SAS and SPSS. Based on my personal experience I think the author is correct, forward and backward selection produces better results in varied conditions as opposed to stepwise selection. A good selection technique that I have in mind will involve the use of estimation of empirical samples through the use of repeated sampling of data samples. This algorithm allows for the approximation of the distributed test statistics will be usable in small scale data where the large scale results may not hold. This algorithm is efficient because it helps solve the mistake of automated variable selection methods. There are other designed algorithms that are employed under various situations. One that is interesting is the Naà ¯ve Bayes which is based on the Bayes theorem. I think it is not an efficient algorithm because it generalizes samples which easily occurs to errors in analysis of the data

Paperwork Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paperwork - Research Paper Example The analysis attempts to understand systematic data flow and how humans input, transform and store data and access information in an organization’s context. The process of defining the components, architecture, modules, data and interfaces for a system to meet specified needs comprises systems design (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Installing systems without proper plans results in dissatisfied users, and the system is often abandoned after short usage. Together, systems analysis and design work in an overlap to lend structure to information systems and determine what changes need to be applied or how a new one may be implemented (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Databases Databases are structured and designed to collect data while offering organized machinery for managing, storing, analyzing and retrieving information (Connolly & Begg, 2002). This is achieved by using tables prearranged to model appropriate aspects of the project being undertaken in a manner supporting the processes usin g this information. The role of databases in projects is compiling, categorizing and interpreting data. All information used by the project managers, including the researches they conduct, is centrally stored in the database for ease of access by users and developers. Databases also play a key role in identifying international trends (Connolly & Begg, 2002). Programming Programming entails the designing, documenting, trying, debugging as well as maintaining source codes for computer programs (Meyer, 2000). A reliable process of programming aims to produce a software solution that is efficient and can be developed when the project dictates the need. It should be usable, portable, easily maintained and able to anticipate errors occurring from inappropriate, corrupt or incorrect data. The role of programming in projects is to create sets of instructions for use by computers to carry out specified instructions and display desired behaviors. Programming also saves the efforts of other te ams in the project by automating the processes which would otherwise have been conducted manually (Meyer, 2000). Networking Networking is the linking and interconnecting of groups of computers and hardware through communication channels thus allowing users to share information, files and resources such as printers (Tanenbaum, 2006). Within the network, relevant files may be selected for sharing between concerned users and departments. In a project, networking merges different departments and even office buildings. The needless distinction of common tools that collect, process, store or transmit information is eliminated when networks are deployed. Barriers to information held on separate computers and systems are also overcome, creating a borderless information and communication environment (Tanenbaum, 2006). It is only through networking that all the other aspects of running a project are held together. The project also benefits by saving costs that would have been used to equip ea ch department with its own resources, which duplicates purchases. The Web The World Wide Web is an application that runs on the internet (Stallings, 2004). It is a system made up of interlinked internet servers supporting hypertext documents and is accessed through the

Organized Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Organized Crime - Assignment Example The criminal organization is also known as underworld, mob or crime syndicate. This research paper would not only highlight different aspects of organized crime but shall even reflect upon the importance of waterways or ports. Organized crime is a specific category of crime and is highly distinguishable from financial crimes, white-collar crimes, war crimes, treason, state crimes and political crimes. There are measures being undertaken to safeguard countries from such organized crimes but support from higher authorities tends to increase the frequency of organized crime. Illegal drugs are transported through ports or waterways which forms an integral part of organized crime. High-profit margins are secured through transportation of drugs to various locations. On the other hand, illegal ammunition is also transported through waterways. This, in turn, enhances the strength of criminals and increases adverse impacts created by organized crime. Decreased level of inspection has facilita ted vulnerability of ports. Spatial characteristics and physical layout of ports are highly challenging in terms of law enforcement. The research aim of a study sets forth the purpose of any particular research study. This paper would aim at analyzing the significance of waterways or ports in organized crime. Waterways are always considered to be an ideal medium through which goods or services are transported to different locations. However, this form of transportation medium holds a great deal of significance within organized crime. Illegal activities are easily executed with the support of these mediums. Corruption or smuggling are vital components of organized crime and is exhibited with the support of waterways or ports. Research objectives for this study are – Thesis statement of the research study is – â€Å"ways in which organized crime operates in waterways and port areas.† This statement forms the basis of any research study and outcomes are based on th is thesis statement.

Paperwork Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paperwork - Research Paper Example The analysis attempts to understand systematic data flow and how humans input, transform and store data and access information in an organization’s context. The process of defining the components, architecture, modules, data and interfaces for a system to meet specified needs comprises systems design (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Installing systems without proper plans results in dissatisfied users, and the system is often abandoned after short usage. Together, systems analysis and design work in an overlap to lend structure to information systems and determine what changes need to be applied or how a new one may be implemented (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Databases Databases are structured and designed to collect data while offering organized machinery for managing, storing, analyzing and retrieving information (Connolly & Begg, 2002). This is achieved by using tables prearranged to model appropriate aspects of the project being undertaken in a manner supporting the processes usin g this information. The role of databases in projects is compiling, categorizing and interpreting data. All information used by the project managers, including the researches they conduct, is centrally stored in the database for ease of access by users and developers. Databases also play a key role in identifying international trends (Connolly & Begg, 2002). Programming Programming entails the designing, documenting, trying, debugging as well as maintaining source codes for computer programs (Meyer, 2000). A reliable process of programming aims to produce a software solution that is efficient and can be developed when the project dictates the need. It should be usable, portable, easily maintained and able to anticipate errors occurring from inappropriate, corrupt or incorrect data. The role of programming in projects is to create sets of instructions for use by computers to carry out specified instructions and display desired behaviors. Programming also saves the efforts of other te ams in the project by automating the processes which would otherwise have been conducted manually (Meyer, 2000). Networking Networking is the linking and interconnecting of groups of computers and hardware through communication channels thus allowing users to share information, files and resources such as printers (Tanenbaum, 2006). Within the network, relevant files may be selected for sharing between concerned users and departments. In a project, networking merges different departments and even office buildings. The needless distinction of common tools that collect, process, store or transmit information is eliminated when networks are deployed. Barriers to information held on separate computers and systems are also overcome, creating a borderless information and communication environment (Tanenbaum, 2006). It is only through networking that all the other aspects of running a project are held together. The project also benefits by saving costs that would have been used to equip ea ch department with its own resources, which duplicates purchases. The Web The World Wide Web is an application that runs on the internet (Stallings, 2004). It is a system made up of interlinked internet servers supporting hypertext documents and is accessed through the

Strategic marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic marketing management - Essay Example Strategic marketing helps the organisation to supply products that will be accepted by consumers and at the most appropriate prices that will help to enhance profitability. This is because of the idea that the organisation starts with good market research to determine what consumers, the targeted group of consumers, the strengths and the weaknesses of competitors and future trends (McDaniel & Rylander 1993). The firm can then redesign and differentiate its products to meet and exceed consumers’ expectations that in turn expand the market share and also enhance profitability.   Additionally, strategic marketing helps the organisation to determine the optimal prices for its products in the various environments in which it operates (McDaniel & Rylander 1993). If high price establishes a perception of high value then the organisation can improve the quality of the product and offer the product at a higher price. Conversely, if the customers are only willing to buy the product at the lowest price then the organisation adopts more efficient methods of production to lower the cost of production that can allow it to offer lower prices. This will ensure that the organisation can always meet its objectives and remain most powerful in the industry.     Strategic marketing also enables the various departments of the organisation to co-ordinate effectively to meet the overall goals set. The first process in strategic marketing is the articulation of the reason the organisation exists followed by the means of benefiting consumers over a long time.

Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Essay  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples. It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. This work comprises ENV 100 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper   General Questions General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable an To get this material copy and paste link to browser https://bitly.com/1xptIgO It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. General Questions General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples.

Connections Between Stalin And Lenin Regimes Politics Essay

Connections Between Stalin And Lenin Regimes Politics Essay If the words of traditionalist historians from the cold-war era are to be taken as fact, then the answer to the topic question dictates that there is a real connection that exists between Leninism and Stalinism. It was the socioeconomic and political base created by Lenin that became the plant from which emerged the excesses of Stalins era. Stalin promoted an entirely personal viewpoint when it came to his soviet policy i.e. he took on the role and accumulative advantages of being the Lenin of his rule. His behavior highlighted his own policies and made evident the failing totalitarian arguments resulting in his regimes being termed a nations tragedy (Ulam Stalin; the Man and His Era 12). There are several people who disagree with this view; mainly Trotskyitesis who put forth that Stalinism broke away from Leninism. They are in favor of the nature of Stalins rule; he pulled his regime away from the progressive and democratic nature of Lenins rule and pulled it towards a dictatorship that seemingly served his self-interest. It has been termed a Thermidorian negationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and] betrayal of the basic Bolshevik beliefs (Cohan 41). Deutscher further went onto state that Stalin was only able to maintain the status of a revolutionary leader because he was able to implement a new and fundamentally different practice of socioeconomic and political organization, as opposed to staying true to the older definition of revolution (Stalin; a Political Biography 550). Khruschev famously took up the vast break between the two regimes when he tried to validate the presence of his Leninist-Marxist regime. He went against the notion that Stalinsim exhibited any qualities of Leninism and by way of de-Stalanization promoted the concept of the excesses that occupied Stalinism. Some theorists attempted to elaborate the two regimes in a more neutral tone and point of view; however, the revisionists insisted that although there were discontinuities and continuities between the two regimes, Stalinism had been influenced heavily by other historical events from within Russia. The prevailing argument is now a balance of the straight line intentionalist theory that Bolshevik Marxism determined the character of post revolutionary Leninism as well as the main traits of what we call Stalinism, and the revisionist research that has shown the difference of extremity between the two regimes (Cohen Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics and History since 1917 42). While Leninism slowly began to work its way in the direction of political totalitarianism, economic liberalization did not necessarily have to result in Stalinist authoritarianism. The demise of the communist regime led to a kind of rebirth in Sovietology, and also set in stone the fact that distinguishing between a good and bad Lenin is becoming less and less sustainable (Pipes Three Whys of the Russian Revolution 84). Although it cannot be stated as fact that out of the totalitarian embryo would come totalitarianism full blown, it is certain that Lenin had played a significant role in creating Stalin. The one thing to note is however, that Stalin escalated politics and terror to an entirely new level. (Cohen Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics and History since 1917 43). Several people are in agreement over the fact that a significant change took place when Stalin introduced economic reforms which stemmed from a policy of concentrating peasantry into collective farms after collectivization the effectively abolishing private property and swiftly industrializing through five year plans. Stalin believed that it was a Great leap forward. Alev Nove came to the conclusion that Stalins economic policys infiltration was a great turning point in Russian history, whereby Stalin challenged the Marxist theory and turned it upside down to determine the character of the economic arrangement through political system (Hartfree 27). The collectivization policy initially was a change to the semi-capitalists policy of trading under the NEP. Stalin, while restructuring the USSR, portrayed that wholesale collectivization and industrialization were not only representing the continuation of the Bolshevik blueprints that were set by Lenin but in his words was A path of socialism. People like Trotsky totally disagreed with Stalin and his principals. Trotsky during the process of bringing about a change in policy portrayed how Stalin had deviated from the Bloshevik ideology and that opportunism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ turned into its opposite à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ adventurism (Trotsky Eastman 45). Trotsky being an ex-Bolshevik in refuge, irrespective of everything would have still criticized Stalin out of personal revenge. Stalins contention of collectivization as a branch of Leninism did not hold much significance, even though it was coupled with Grain requisitioning tactics and Kulak liquidation during the Civil War. Stalin validat ed his actions using quotes by Lenin, who claimed collectivization as an eventual socialist goal and referred to Kulaks as bloodsuckers, vampires, robbers of the people (Hartfree 28). Stalin claim to his theory leading to the destruction of the last roots of capitalism in the country, to the final victory of socialism in agriculture, and to complete consolidation of Soviet power in the country side is unreal. The reliability of Stalins evidence was doubtful not only due to the omissions from some of Lenins writings (which were put away in sealed archives) also because of his selective manner towards economic arguments. Stalins reasons were based merely on words that strengthened his views and ambitions alone while completely being oblivious to Lenins wise warnings towards collectivization: coercion towards the middle peasant is a supremely harmful thing, to act here by means of coercion is to ruin the whole cause, and collectivization should be based upon not, pressure, but examples and persuasion (Hartfree 28). Deutscher, through the western study of Stalins economic policy, was identified as the first to object to the Soviet thought by stating that a breach in policy of communists had occurred and had claimed on noticing a Great Change. He further stated: Soviet Russia embarked upon her second revolution, which was directed solely and exclusively by Stalinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and which]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was even more sweeping and radical than the first (Deutscher Stalin; a Political Biography 296). Deutschers distinction of it being the second revolution states his perceived difference that existed between both the revolutions. He stated collectivization as a Military operation, a cruel civil war (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Deutscher stated their experiment of placing 150 million peasants into 200,00 kolkhoz as piece of prodigious insanity, in which all rules of logic and principals of economics were turned upside down, (Deutscher Stalin; a Political Biogr aphy 326), he blatantly specified that Stalin undertook to drive barbarism out of Russia by barbarous means (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Even though Deutscher comprehended the price of such means, it is quite vague whether he possessed all the facts for writing in 1949, his prospect to view the material in person was quite limited, hence even while stating Stalin as having borrowed so much from Marxist thinkers and economists, that he might well be charged with outright paligrism he wraps Stalin up with a positive note (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Duetschers compassion towards the communist ideology reflects a socialist nature in his political inclination, he discusses the rewards of such policies and describes Stalins economy as the first truly gigantic experiment in planned economy, the first instance in which a government undertook a plan to regulate the whole economic life of its country, and to direct its industrial resources towards a uniquely rapid multiplication of the nations wealth (Full Text of Facts on Communism). He outlines that the plans had allowed Russia to modernize and develop into a society, and that a vague idea had been given practicality for the first time. For Duetscher the breach in policy was not as catastrophic as what later historians would describe it as, but he did consider that behind Stalin were tramping the myriads of weary bleeding Russian feet(Full Text of Facts on Communism). Intentionalists stated collectivization as useless and that it only damaged Russia, they classify the Stalinism perio d as a struggle on the same scale as of the First World War (Conquest The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the torror-famine). According to Ulam, when questioned if the Civil War had ever concluded, answered stating that collectivization as a war against peasantry (Lenin and the Blosheviks: the Intellectual and Political History of the Triumph of communism in Russia). According to the totalitarian school of thought, lenin and stalin both classified peasants as filth, flexible towards the disposal of the party. According to Ulam had Lenin lived he would have bought and end to NEP long before Stalin did. To both the revolution was taken over by financial radicals that handicapped the economy, and they initiated institutions which later provided as a form or advancement for Stalins revolution from above(Full Text of Facts of Communism). Conquest in order to link both the oppressors deduced that both had martyred almost the same number of people using their economic polici es. During the Peasant War of grain requisitioning held by Lenin, an estimate of 14 million people died where as in the Revolution from above of Stalin an estimate of 14.5 million were found dead. Conquests last words in respect to the Leninist-Stalinist policies were When the Stalin regime moved into excessive requisitioning in late 1932, it had the experience of 1918- 21 behind it. Then the experience had resulted in disastrous famine. If it was again to do so, this cannot have been for want of understanding in the Kremlin. (The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine). 1933s Terror Famine did it. He claimed that Stalin disregarded Lenins advice and embedded his own exploitation and destruction of the muzhik. This perspective further more damaged the Stalinists claims for further Bloshevik policies; which is clear to us that had they been accomplished NEP would have lasted. Ulam justifies his statement by stating that Stalins war was not for power alone bu t also did not support ideology, the faith of Marxism-Leninism (Ulam Stalin; the Man and his Era). Upon proper comprehension of Marxism, it would have required a safer, more reasonable method of transforming Russia into a modern industrial society (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Conquest grasps differences from both the Leninist and Stalinist policies and does not consider the Stalinist economics as an utter continuation of the Leninist war communism. He states that Although Lenin shared Bolshevik antipathy towards the peasants as the archaic element in Russia, his main concerns were to understand them in Marxist termsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and to decide how to organize the countryside (The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine), whereas Stalin only wanted to, frighten the Kulaks into submission (The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine). The only factor that made up for Lenin was that he perceived peasantry in Marxist terms and his policy was based on trial and error, with a changeable mixture of ideology and pragmatism (Lee 180) and at the last moment, Leninà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ listened to the voice or reality (Conquest The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine). None of this stands as a justification to the policies but simply outlines the imperfect characteristics of the Stalinist policies, unlike Deutschers view, which werent simply a continuation but also an intensification of Stalins course which would end in A cruel mockery of the peasant (Ulam Stalin; the man and His Era). It is said that one cannot make omelets without breaking eggs. In that case, perhaps one should not make omelets, if the menu happens to provide other choices (Nove 379). Quite a number of eggs were broken when speaking in terms of Russia, which not only according to the totalitarians, but was later also accepted by the Soviets, like Gorbachev who persisted on introducing Lenin like perestroika and glasnost reforms to amend the Stalinists red tape. They claimed that a lot of stress had been placed on what Gorbachev described as the centralization and command system, and illustrated to the soviet people the horrific nature of collectivization: Flagrant violations of the principals of collectivization occurred everywhere. Nor were excesses avoided in the struggle against the kulaks. An atmosphere of intolerance, hostility and suspicion was created in the country. I am putting things bluntly- those were real crimes stemming from an abuse of power. Many thousands of people were subjected to whole sale repressive methods. Such comrades is the bitter truth (Gorbachev). In Noves words Stalin was required to bring Russia into the 20th century, loses were i mmense but such was the only available option for Russia. It had become more explicit that Stalin had taken the Leninist method and made it further extreme to a notch unconceivable under Lenin, and even though it is true that the foundations were there to be exploited, Stalin was not a Leninist but a Stalinist who was knowledgeable about Leninism, the events that followed would most probably not been approved by Lenin. According to the totalitarians, politically both of them were considered as dictatorships; each was a single party system, each had secret police apparatus; both inculcating ideas within their citizens; each had control over the economy and the political organizations of the country; both used terror as a practice; To be clear: Lenin bequeathed to his successors a fully functioning police state (Amis 32). Even though each had a one party state, Trotskyite Deutscher implied that Stalin was The rule of a single fraction [which] was indeed an abuse as well as a conseq uence of the rule of the single party (The Prophet Unarmed Trotsky 1921 1929). This was fully argued by Khrushchev who, claimed that in respect to political ideology, and procedures towards the party, Lenin was a true Marxist. In a discrete speech he justified this by stating that Lenin had upheld democracy and collegiality in the Communist Party or which he named The Leninist method of convincing and educating (Crankshaw). He concurs with Figes perspective who stated that, despite the ban on factions, the party still made room for comradely debate (Figes). The political behavior inside the part faced a direct split for Stalins heir. In practice Stalin ignored the norms of Party Life and trampled on the Leninist principal of collective Party Leadership. This was despotism for Khrushchev and Co. The totalitarians portrayed Stalin as someone who ruled with an iron fist from inside the party, but he ran the country much more brutally than the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. This particular kind of Soviet judgment in the mix of the huge amount of writings by the Liberals is quite a minority. Liberals completely deny the split between the two political ideologies. On the other hand western historian had no reason to justify their beliefs like the Soviets, so stuck to agreeing with Pipes in his statement Stalins megalomaniac and other odious qualities should not obscure the fact that his ideology and modus operandi was Lenins. A man of meager education, he had no other source of ideas (A Concise History of the Russian Revolution). Historians that are persuaded by the American values of democracy consist of the same modus operandi as Lenin. His theoretical and practical solutions fueled the party which gave birth to the totalitarian Stalinist. Pipes does not indicate coming a cross any such signs that hint whether Lenin ever considered Stalin a traitor to his definition of Communism. According to Pipes the reason for this was the dictatorship of the proletariat which gave a rise to the dictatorship by the vanguard, and in both cases terror was struck by death. The odd fact was that these views were similar to those of the pre-revolutionary, utopian idealist Lenin, who was not affected by the hardships of the Civil War Government So long as the state exists there is no freedom. Pipes in particular did not have any freedom during the regimes of Lenin and Stalin. Another revisionist named Service, maybe not as intense as Pipes; but in accordance to recent archival research, shows that he sides with the totalitarians, and also indicates to the violent Bolshevik political ambitions. He explains the one party state as arbitrary rule, administrative ultra-centralism, and philosophical amoralism. Lenin was not graspable as it was first thought, and the specula tion that if Lenin had survived, a humanitarian order would have been established is hard to square with this garment of agreed principals of Bolshevism (Service). Volkogonov was a reformed communist who held similar totalitarian beliefs of the red tape, sabotage, and bureaucracy that was commonly railed against by Lenin was infused through the system that he had created. Peoples freedom, power, human rights were concepts deemed unnecessary (Volkogonov and Shukman 77-78). By Lenin, the party had become a state within a state, its dictatorship a fact Party absolutism replaced tsarist autocracy. Democracy and civil rights became bourgeois manifestationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ human life a soulless statistical unit. (Full Text of Facts on Communism). This continued till Stalins death. On top of that revisionism proved that a instead of a continuation the finalized Stalinist product was poles apart of the primary Leninist system. Reevaluating the Soviet experience Cohen concluded that the party had a considerable amount of change from 1917 to 1921 alone, in terms of composition, organizational structure, internal political life and outlook. Stalins party was thoroughly different from that of Lenin. For, if ideology could influence events, then it was also shaped and changed by it, (Cohen). If Lenin was impacted by the Civil War, then Stalinist had gone through different stages of evolution as well. Stalinist ideology changed in essence and it did not represent the same movement as that which took place in 1917 (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Nationalism, conservatism, reactionism, and dogmatism was revived where as there was a switch in the prominence of proletariat to the leaders as creators of life. Cohen concluded that, disc ontinuities were secondary to continuities. (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Although in terms of political continuation the difference between both the terms is quantitative, not qualitative (Full Text of Facts on Communism), and, as Cohen states excess was Stalinism (Cohen), is what differentiates between the two. The extent to which they differed not the manner in which they differ. Essentially, the basic elements of the Stalinist regime were all in place by 1924, Stalin simply prolonged it to feed his own personal satisfaction (Full Text of Facts on Communism). Continuous and discontinuous can be found both economically and politically but it is risky to jump to a conclusion like the Soviets stating that no link was there between Stalin and Lenin or enforcing the fact that no difference is there between the two. It is vital for one to see and understand the link between the two regimes. Had precedents of economical and political nature not existed terrors such as those witness ed during Stalins time would not have existed. Conquest derives that Stalinism did not emerge from nothingness, like any other historical phenomenon, it had roots in the past, but it would be deluding to state like Solzhenitsyn who claimed that a direct chain of events led to Stalin (The Great Terror: A Reassessment). The terror of Stalinist made an impact on history and led to plain simple human barbarity which inhabits mankind. The Mongols, Ivan the Terrible, and many other dictators used Lenins Logic of the axe (Volkogonov). Although there is a similarity between the Cheka of 1918 and the NKVD of the 1930s, the core difference between Lenin and Stalin was the extent of how far either would go. As evidence has it, majority agrees to the fact that Stalin took things further, both hold records showing that they had killed but Lenin did not kill fellow Communists, and Stalin did so on a massive scale; Lenin spoke of collectivization whereas Stalin implemented it, Lenin commented over the bureaucratic red tape, whereas Stalin wrapped the USSR in it. (Pipes a Concise History of the Russian Revolution)

Kinos Emotions in Steinbeck’s Novel, The Pearl Essay -- Character Anal

A small twist of fate can destroy the life of an individual. Kino, a Mexican, pearl diver, is in desperate need of help when his baby, Coyotito, is stung by a scorpion. Kino feels his only hope is to find a pearl beautiful enough to sell. His dream comes true when he discovers a magnificent pearl one morning. At first the discovery of the pearl can be looked upon as not only a miracle but also a life saver. Throughout the novel it becomes apparent the pearl is no where close to a miracle. Kino’s life becomes a struggle with many decisions that have to be made. In Steinbeck’s novel, The Pearl, the power of the pearl relates to Kino’s emotions. Kino is hopeful in the beginning of the novel, and the power of the pearl is purely good. When he finds the â€Å"Pearl of the World† he begins to think his luck has turned for the better. Coyotito appears to be healed and Kino decides he will keep the money from the pearl for his family, but when they return to the doctor he advises Kino and his wife, Juana, to have the baby treated. The baby is treated and they plan to pay the doctor t...

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary :: Medieval Archaeology Essays

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary Thomas Bateman was born in 1821 at Rowsley, in the Derbyshire Peak District. His archaeological career, though relatively brief, is noteworthy both for its abundance, and the fact that his barrow-openings in Derbyshire and Staffordshire provide virtually the only evidence for the early Medieval archaeology of the Peak District and the elusive Peak Dwellers. Thomas's father, William Bateman, was an amateur antiquarian and pursued his pastime in accomplishing the excavation of a number of barrows on the family estate at Middleton. When William Bateman died in 1835 aged only 38, Thomas's upbringing and education were taken in hand by his grandfather. Thomas was educated at the non-conformist academy at Bootle, and from 1837 assisted in running the family estate, while in his spare time exploring the peakland, hunting, shooting, collecting flints and examining the many local ancient monuments. Bateman became a keen student of archaeology and read and was greatly influenced by Sir Richard Colt Hoare's seminal work Ancient Wiltshire. In 1841, Thomas reached his majority and set up his own house in Bakewell. He pursued an illicit affair with Mary Ann Mason, the wife of a boatman on the Cromford Canal, and for a some years they lived together as husband and wife, though they never married. Bateman's archaeological career began by observing the demolition of Bakewell's Medieval church. In 1843, he joined the newly formed British Archaeological Association, set up as a reaction to the influence of the Society of Antiquaries. Bateman attended the Canterbury Archaeological Congress of 1844 with Mary Mason, passing her off as his wife. At about this time, Bateman built his own country house, Lomberdale, at Middleton, where he continued to live with Mary Mason. The house incorporated many of the architectural fragments rescued from Bakewell Church and Bateman set up a museum there to hold his growing archaeological and ethnographic collection. Barrow Digging 1845-1861 Bateman's career as a barrow digger began in the 1840's. While at the 1844 Canterbury Congress he, along with other delegates, excavated a number of barrows in the countryside around Canterbury. In 1845, Bateman excavated 38 barrows in Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and was dubbed the Barrow Knight in a poem by fellow antiquarian Stephen Isaacson. In 1845 and 1846 Bateman toured the north of England with Mary Mason, and carried out excavations in York, where construction of the new railway was levelling a part of the city walls.

Change Always Comes Bearing Gifts Essay

Through out our lifetime, we experience numerous life changing events that influence and affect our choices forever. Whether an experience is positive or negative, we learn something new every time. These events can be vary anywhere between a simple action to the biggest day of your life. The outcome of the experiences is what will change one’s thoughts, behavior and feelings forever. I have had many small experiences but I believe that one of the greatest events that has caused me to change was falling in love with my boyfriend. During my senior year at high school, I constantly stressed about my future, my image and fought with my loneliness. Although I’m not sure where these sudden thoughts would come from, they haunted me and caused me to grow desperately for a way out. Then one night while studying for my physics exam, I received a friendly message from a childhood friend. He is quite handsome so of course I immediately closed my physics book to chat with him. Exactly one month later, he asked me to be his girlfriend. It was overwhelming because he was the first guy to ever ask me; however, at that moment I knew he would always be there for me no matter what. He really changed my outlook and perspective of life into a positive one. Now, I think of the future with confidence. I have learned that life is too short to be depressed; I now try to avoid negativity and focus on the important things in life. In addition to that, he never lets me forget how beautiful I am. His never-ending compliments have really elevated my self-esteem. Overall, my positive thoughts have made me a happier more complete person. I really wish I could be more like him because he has changed my thoughts in such a great way and I know this experience will permanently change the way I think, along with the way I behave. Behavior is a big part of who one is and how people perceive one self. During the last semester of high school, I distanced myself from my classmates and did not participate in school activities I knew I was not acting like my normal self but there was no explanation for my decisions. After this â€Å"life-changing† event, I have become more outgoing and productive. The most important change has been responsibility. Prior to this wonderful event, I did not care about anything. Late homework assignments, skipping chores, and rarely showing up to work had become a routine for me. Luckily, that became the past. Now, I wake up and look forward to the day ahead even if it’s just going to school. One of the greatest lessons I have learned is that feeling good about yourself and loving who you are is important. I do not know the exact reason for why my behavior has changed so dramatically, but I have a strong feeling it has something to do with the way I feel. Feelings play a major role in the way we perceive life. Now that I am in a relationship, I feel that I am less stubborn rather open to new ideas. Usually, I am very hard headed. My parents have always given me my way even when I didn’t deserve it. Being in a relationship has made me realize that it is not all about me. Each and every one of us has a different viewpoint so it is imperative to be respectful to others’ thoughts and compromise! Overall, I feel more compassionate, loving and thoughtful of others and I believe that is the best gift I have received from this experience. This experience is very important to me because it has turned my life towards a positive path. I now think, behave and feel much better than I did a few months ago. I don’t know whether this is love but I know for a fact that he is my best friend and I will always have him by my side. Sometimes, it scares me to think of loosing him but I really hope I never change back to the pessimistic person I once was. I often hear that nothing lasts forever but I will always look back at this as something that saved me during my lowest point in life.

Nutrition Behavior Change Project Essay

Keeping up a behavior can be hard, â€Å"the motivation must come from within.† For the past 23 days I have been striving to change and succeed, by the 22nd of October, in two specific nutritional behavior goals. One of them was to intake at least 30 grams of fiber on weekdays and at least 25 grams on weekends. The other was to reduce my sodium intake by a quarter, on weekdays, of what it was per day and reduce it by an eighth on weekends. This preparation all started about a week before my 23 days of transformation. In the three beginning days I tracked my diet and found that my low fiber and high sodium consumptions were eye-opening problems. My average fiber intake per day rested at 21.18g, which was significantly lower than my goal of 38g per day. As this issue arose so did my awareness that multiple aspects of my health were at risk. For example, my low fiber intake could place me in danger of developing heart disease. Fiber nutrients reduce the chance of disease like heart disease, diabetes, and many other frightful illnesses. In addition, foods that consist of fiber provide a feeling of fullness without additional calories being added to a diet. As for my Sodium intake, I was recommended a target of 1500mg a day but I was actually devouring a skyrocketing 3959.4mg a day. Without thinking twice I knew I had to make significant behavior changes. Concerning my towering sodium intake, I found that high sodium consumption makes the body preserve more water, which can raise the blood volume and, in turn, increase blood pressure. Considering my high blood pressure it would be essential and crucial to lower my sodium intake. Fortunately, the data collected demonstrated that the amount of sodium I have been taking in each day has been playing a role in my elevated blood pressure. After reviewing this data and conducting research on these two nutrients I felt very serious about changing my dieting behavior s. In which case, relative to the Stages of Change/Transtheoretical Model of behavior change, at the start of this project I was most certainly in the preparation stage. I began with a determined attitude that would help me change my current behaviors within a month. To change my behavior I made  goals to reach by the 22nd and used strategies that would help me to complete my SMART goals. For example, I made sure that I controlled my environment by buying fruit and other healthy snacks instead of unhealthy snack foods. I also had peer support from my roommate who reminded me when I was snacking unhealthily to instead snack on a banana or apple. My excellent preparation skills granted me success in my dietary behavior goals. Overall I feel confident that I have succeeded in changing my behaviors. Everyday I have been conscious of my fiber and sodium goals. Rarely did I go eat off campus. I consistently ate lunch at the Hanwell dinning hall, except for 1 day when I was sick and in bed, and I always ate dinner at Smith dinning hall. Hanwell and Smith provide a great selection of fruit and mixed greens, so everyday I could eat my essential bowl of fruit for lunch and required dinner salad. I didn’t eat a salad or a bowl of fruit on solely one day, however, I felt very ill that day. Also, since I only had Gatorade, juice and water with my meals, my sodium level decreased substantially. My typical day consisted of eating microwavable breakfasts with juice in the dorm, lunch at Hanwell and dinner at Smith. My achievement in changing my supporting behaviors was due to keeping up with my tracking sheet. In turn, I increased my fiber intake to 34.34g on weekdays and 26.61g on weekends. This data exceeded my goal of fiber intake on both weekdays (30g or more) and weekends (25g or more). My sodium intake also exceeded the par; weekdays I consumed 2841.32mg a day and 3303.9mg a day on weekends. With dedication comes success and in order for me to stay dedicated I needed to construct thought out strategies. A strategy that contributed the most to my accomplished goals was to eat off campus only two times a week. Usually I saved eating out for the weekends but eating on campus made it easy to make healthy choices. For instance, when I ate off campus for lunch on the 9th my sodium intake was 1324.22mg for that single meal and when I ate lunch on campus on the 29th, a weekday, my sodium was less than half the sodium of the off campus meal I ate on the 9th. Another strategy that helped my success was my use of environment control. I stopped buying junk  food and ended up snaking on fruit, particularly bananas, and occasionally canned beans. In turn, I increased my fiber above my weekday and weekend intake goal. These two strategies acted as a spine to my success in my goals. Even though I was very successful in my goals, I faced two major barriers in the process. Finding a way to eat healthy on weekends was a huge barrier with my busy soccer schedule. Breakfast is easy to make but lunch and dinner is very difficult to attend due to afternoon practices and night games. The weekends on average boosted up my sodium about 600mg higher than the weekdays; nevertheless, I still fulfilled my sodium intake goal. I knew weekends would create a problem even before I started the project because it’s been an ongoing issue since school started. Furthermore, time was also a complicated barrier to work around. Time is a common barrier when trying to eat healthy, be more active or simply going about a routine. When I was in a rush to class or hurrying around campus taking care of things, I would sometimes compromise for quick microwavable products, which I learned contain more sodium than the normal. Out of the barriers I faced there was one that I did not predict, my ADHD medicine. This medication minimized my hunger, sometimes to the point where I did not want to eat. When this happened I force-fed myself but with smaller portions. I tended to eat more salad greens instead of the heavy, filling food. Despite these obstacles, after one week I made only one change to my behavior. I developed better shopping skills that helped me obtain superior quality microwavable foods and I started to keep fruit in my bag in case I felt crunched for time. This change helped me to complete my activities and thrive in my goals. During this project three major issues emerged regarding my nutrition. One was that some foods that I thought were healthy aren’t. For example, I always ate flavored instant oatmeal thinking it was very healthy and nutritious, however, oatmeal that has flavoring in it, I learned, usually has more than 12 grams of sugar in it per serving. As I learned more about this product I found that this oatmeal was not whole oats which are far more healthier and can be just as quick to make as instant oatmeal. Choosing an alternative for this food was important to decrease my intake of sugar.  Another major issue that emerged was what food I took in when traveling with the soccer team. It had nothing to do with the organization. It was my personal choice of snacks that I decided to bring on the bus rides; like popcorn or as surprising as it sounds, yogurt. Yogurt is healthy as long as its kept simple, however, my yogurts were loaded with flavoring and coloring that boosts up the sugar c ontent. In result I made alternative choices (apples, bananas) that would improve my game and boost my energy healthily. Lastly, I experienced a major issue with my roommate. As much as he helped me to make healthy decisions, hypocritically, he seemed unable to make healthy decisions for himself. He usually always has a bag of chips and an immense amount of candy laying around which didn’t help in contribution to my goals; my sodium intake goal. Although I learned that in order to get in a habit of eating better and more healthy, I spent less time in the room. Now I am pretty good about saying â€Å"NO† when fatty junk food in in my presence. Overall I learned many things about changing a health behavior. I learned that changing a behavior takes time and effort in order to succeed. Most of all, changing a health behavior takes determination because without that it is impossible to change. After completing this project I am proud to say I have moved form the preparation stage at the beginning of the project, to the action stage in the Transtheoretical model. This came with the help of my commitment, in accepting the responsibility of change, goals, to keep me motivated, rewards, when I completed my goals I bought a redskins jersey I’ve been wanting, and lastly environment control, where I only bought healthy foods like fruit and vegetables. Currently I am successfully changing my negative behaviors and adopting new healthy behaviors in my quest to stage number 5, the maintenance stage.

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International HRM - Essay Example Therefore, in order to expand and grow, corporations are now emerging themselves into the global market. Within the organisations, the most importantly considered assets are its people. Where the organisation requires managing its operational activities, likewise the people within the organisation needs to come under supervision. The administration of the people is the sole responsibility of Human Resource Management department, thus, it has become significantly important for any organisation to have HRM in their organisation. What is Human Resource Management? Human Resource Management (HRM) is one of the departments that exclusively deals with and take care of the company’s assets known as ‘people’. The rising drifts in the international market and its situations have given a boost to Human Resource Management and raised its importance for the organisation and its owners. The history of HRM states that Personal Management was the term that came under use before the terminology Human Resource Management emerged. The emergence of HRM reveals the fact of the success of the organisations that was due to the behavioral change of employees for their contributions through their hard work (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007). The principal functions of any Human Resource Management in a broad perspective focus on the recruitment of the people, administer them, and endow with guidance for the right path or track to them. Supporting and handling all the matters of concern of employees, such as â€Å"performance management and appraisals, compensation and benefits, training and development, hiring and firing of management level and junior level people, organisational development, employee motivation, and overall administration† (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007) are the primary job functions of any HRM. HRM is not only administering the company’s employees, rather it also controls the culture of the enterprise and its internal atmosphere. HRM is a leading and motivational aspect that facilitates the employee to give their maximum output in an efficient and fruitful way so that the company can accomplish its mission and visions that helps growing its prosperity. With the passage of time, the role of HRM has extensively modified and increased and now it has shifted from the conventional role of administration of the employees to the added-value strategic approach and method that affects the business revenues in a reckonable way (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007). What is International Human Resource Management? The globalisation and increasing global market trends and environment has given rise to the concept of Human Resource Management in an international context, which is International Human Resource Management (IHRM). IHRM focuses on the administration of the employees on a global basis in order to accomplish the goals, objectives mission and visions of the enterprise, in order to get an edge over the competitors present not only on local level but

Reading response and discuss question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading response and discuss question - Essay Example ies remains extremely authoritative in establishing interpretive strategies for increasing audience acceptance and influencing their view of a masterpiece film. In exploring cultural construction of masterpiece films, Luckett critically evaluated Fantasia during its original release and reissues by examining the film’s publicity, reviews, and marketing. According to Luckett’s analysis, the film produced by Disney starred mainly due to its open publicity in road shows, use of modern technology including home theater appliances, and its receptions based on culture. For instance, based on application of new technologies, Disney decided to help the audience construct a home culture by establishing home theatre systems and video libraries as opposed to watching films in cinema theatres (Luckett 233). It is indispensable to note that the technique increased sales (Luckett 231). There exists an imperative culture and social context behind acceptance of a new film by audience. Reception studies remains authoritative in understanding particular social and historical aspects associated with audience interpretation and consequent response to a film. In publication and review of a film, it is domineering for a production company to establish public culture in relation to their interpretation and understanding of films. Representing audience interests in relation to gender questions, culture, and social expectations is imperative in construction a public culture that would assist in making a film masterpiece. Therefore, does publicity and review of a film inherently a film affect its consequent audience

The Skeletal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Skeletal System - Essay Example Finally, bones contain bone marrow from the red blood cells develop and are also storing housed for important minerals like calcium and phosphorus. In terms of anatomy, the skeleton is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton which contains all the bones in our body and the appendicular skeleton which is associated with our limbs and performs the function of movement. Bones are not the only important part of the skeletal system; the other important feature is the joints. Joints connect two bones and allow the body to rotate or flex around those joints. There are three different types of joints: synarthosis joints, amphiarthrosis joints, and diarthrosis joints. These classifications have been made according to the freedom of movement these joints allow. Synarthosis joints are immovable, amphiarthosis joints are slightly moveable whereas diarthosis thosis joints are freely movable and can allow bending, straightening and various other functions. Many of the deficiencies as well as the other causes leading to physical problems lie at the heart of these joints where the movement around these joints is either stopped or enhanced. Therefore in order to make medical advances regarding such condition, it is very important to study different types of

Argument against Tax Bailouts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argument against Tax Bailouts - Essay Example Advantages to be discussed are: bailouts are needed to ensure that big corporations whose collapse will impact several industries can survive; bailouts are a necessary economic stimulant to jump-start the shaky economy; Bailouts are essentially government loans which the corporation receiving must pay back hence, the money will be returned; Disadvantages to be discussed are: bailouts use taxpayer money, which diverts much needed funding from other government programs and institutions; bailouts are band-aid solutions as they deal with the symptoms, not the main problems and do not always work; bailouts are against the free market principals and promote an environment where big corporations can take reckless risk knowing the government will pull them out. Despite the perceived advantages, tax bailouts are a major cost to tax payers and should not be used as a solution to prevent corporations who have placed themselves in difficult positions through mismanagement. As of July 24, 2011, t he United States government has handed out tax bailouts totaling well over $2.5 trillion with a commitment to provide further support of $12.2 trillion (The New York Times). These funds can be directed to improve the government’s social services and infrastructure. However, large corporations, who are at the brink bankruptcy due to mismanagement and high risk taking, will end up receiving these funds. However, some would argue that these bailouts are necessity in order to prevent limit the ripple effect from the collapse of big corporation. Bailouts are needed to ensure that big corporations whose collapse will impact several industries can survive. These too big to fail corporations, if they were to collapse the, system would not be able to hold up against such a significant jump in unemployment numbers. Given the cross-functional nature of corporations today, the impact would have been felt in other industries; job losses would mean a drop in consumer spending, which would impact the retail industry (as an example) and so on. In order to prevent such a ripple effect, bailouts are necessary. Bailouts are a necessary economic stimulant to jump-start the shaky economy. By implementing a bailout, government can prevent loss of jobs, which means that consumers will continue to have disposable income to spend. This will boost the industries that manufacture the goods and services thus stimulating the economy and keep it steady. Consumers without any source that provides them with disposable income, example jobs, will hold back the spending. This will cause lower retail expenditures thus resulting in slow economic growth, which can lead to a recession. Thus, to prevent such dangerous movements, the bailout is required. Bailouts are essentially government loans, which the corporation receiving must pay back hence, the money will be returned. The government has the upper hand in dictating the conditions upon which the bailout is issued. In the case of the auto makers, governments, in exchange for the bailout, received an ownership stake in the company, for example General Motors, thus will receive dividends and interest once GM starts generating revenue. Part of the deal with the big corporations is that the bailout money has to be returned once the crisis has been averted and

Goldilocks Zone Properties Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Goldilocks Zone Properties - Research Paper Example According to a NASA journal titled â€Å"The Goldilocks Zone†, the Goldilocks Zone is very big. The journal also talks about researchers who are trying to extend the regions of the Zone by looking for signs of life in distant planets. Research shows that there are certain organisms that prefer acidic conditions and some that swim in hot boiling water. The journal goes on to talk about ecosystems that have been discovered where the sun never reaches, and there is very hot water enough to melt metal. This means that the Goldilocks zone is very big, and covers areas that might be considered uninhabitable. The aim of this paper is to give a detailed account of the properties of the Goldilocks Zone. One of the Goldilocks zone properties is the presence of liquid water on the surface of the planets (Brian, 2011). The only planet known to contain large water bodies on its surface is the earth and this is where water exists in its liquid form rather than ice (Davies, pp 129-150). Ocea ns, lakes and rivers are surface water bodies which sustain lives of animals that live in water and also humans on earth. Water in the Goldilocks zone should not be too hot to evaporate or too cold to freeze, therefore, in case water evaporates or freezes, all life will vanish. Since earth is at the centre of the Zone, it has a constant water surface whereby the water does not become too hot or too cold to sustain life. Mars is considered to be on the cold side of the zone while Venus is on the hot side hence these two planets are not habitable since their water surface is irregular. Water is able to sustain life by: Transporting materials around the human and animal body and it can resist frequent changes in temperature therefore offering a favorable environment for aquatic animals. Planets with a hydrogen atmosphere such as earth can maintain water flowing no matter the distance from the sun. Once water freezes or boils and lost into space, all earthly life will be lost. Liquid wa ter is a vital property for a region to be classified under the Goldilocks Zone (Brian, 2011). Position to a star determines whether or not a planet has liquid water (Brian, 2011). According to Brian, a star’s energy output, gravitational pull, and size determine the location of the Goldilocks Zone. Compared to other liquids, water has unique properties which make it essential for life (Davies, pp85-103). Oceans and lakes do not freeze rock solid because water expands when it freezes. According to Davies, ice floats on liquid water, and aquatic animals are able to live on the water below. Water can dissolve many substances and it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. This means that when a region experiences hot temperature, water remains moderately cool, hence sustaining life. Therefore, presence of water in the Goldilocks zone is a fundamental property, since it is able to sustain life during the cold and hot conditions (Davies, pp85-103). As earlier mentioned, E arth falls under the Goldilocks Zone, and the presence of water on Earth gives it its relatively moderate type of weather. Temperature is another property of the Goldilocks Zone and is chiefly affected by climate as the Earth rotates. The orbit of the Earth is circular so when it orbits around the zone, it enables the temperatures to remain steady. This is contrary to planets such as Venus which has an

According to Crapo Acculturation Essay Example for Free

According to Crapo Acculturation Essay According to Crapo, Acculturation is what happens when members of one culture adopt the beliefs and/or behaviors of another group. Our textbook states †Although both societies may change as a result of prolonged contact, the politically or economically less powerful of the two is likely to experience the most dramatic acculturative changes as they adopt the language and certain other cultural traits of the dominant culture† (Crapo, 2013). My heart felt so heavy when watching this 40 minute film. I could not help but feel a rush of emotions and for what those children and their parents went through. As a mother, I could not imagine someone taking my child from me and shipping them away to a boarding school. Those children were tortured, beat, and worked to death, and the girls were even sexually assaulted. Once the children were released they had no self-worth. They felt like they were unable to fit in amongst society, and most importantly with their tribe. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay The film never mentioned the actual reason the American Government decided to acculturate the Native Americans into Western culture. There could be several reasons they chose to do so. The first one that comes to mind is power. They also may have done this to use them for cheap labor. Another possibility as to why the American Government could have acculturated the Native Americans is because they feared what they were capable of. Acculturating others into another culture is justifiable as long as they aren’t being forced to do so against their own will. When someone is forced into acculturating it effects them badly, in a negative way. Also, it is unfair that individuals are punished for acculturating, especially when it was against their own will to begin with. References Crapo, R. H. (2013). Cultural Anthropology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Givens, S. F. (Producer). (2011). Indian school: Stories of survival [Video]. Lincoln Park, MI: American Indian Services, Inc. Retrieved from the Films On Demand database.

Characterization of Tom in The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Characterization of Tom in The Great Gatsby Essay In the first three chapters of The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, he characterized Tom Buchanan as violently aggressive in order to show the kind of man that had turned out from the Ivy League school and have contributed to two different social classes. For example, in the first chapter of the book, Nick introduces us couple of characters as well as Tom Buchanan and he says the following â€Å"Now he was a sturdy straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner. Two shining arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face and gave him the appearance of always leaning aggressively forward† (pg.7). We are told that Tom has a hard mouth and arrogant eyes. He is said to be always leaning forward aggressively, making up for the unmanly clothes hes wearing at the time and very muscular with a cruel body. Nick describes Tom looking aggressive just by his looks without any further detail of how he acted aggressively. As a graduate from a prestigious school, Tom would be expected to be more characterized as a good, pleasant character when describing an educated man, however Tom was the opposite and Fitzgerald does this to show that the characteristic of a man does not depend on the school they had attended and graduated from. Furthermore, in chapter 2 it is proven that Tom is violent â€Å"Sometime toward midnight Tom Buchanan and Mrs. Wilson stood face to face, discussing in impassioned voices weather Mrs. Wilson had any right to mention Daisy’s name†¦I’ll say it whenever I want to! Daisy! Dai- Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand† (pg.37). At their little gathering party, Tom there breaks his lover, Myrtles, nose just because Myrtle had not stopped chanting Daisy’s name even if she had been warned by Tom before. Tom expresses his aggressiveness when he becomes violent when Myrtle does not stop. Fitzgerald is showing that not all man graduating from Ivy League school such as (Yale, Oxford, and Princeton) are all well-mannered, with a good characteristic as one would think.

The Rise Of Islamic Fundamentalism Politics Essay

The Rise Of Islamic Fundamentalism Politics Essay The emergence of radical and extremist Islamist movements has proved to be the principal source of instability in the world. From the 19th century the world has witness to a reawakening of the Muslim world in various places as a result of the encounter with Western culture  [1]  . The rise of radical Islamist groups has been influenced by the leading ideologues of Islamic fundamentalist thought, Jamal Al Din Al Afghani (1839-1897), Maulana Abul Ali Mawdudi (1903-79) the first Amir of the Jamaate-Islami, Ayatollah Khomeini (1909-89) leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Party of Iran, Hassan-al-Banna and Syed Qutb (1906-66) of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt  [2]  . These ideologues advocated jihad against non-Islamic societies and states and emphasised that political power is indispensable to the establishment of an Islamic state. The concepts of Dar-el-Islam and Dar-el-Harb and jihad as advocated by the Islamists envisage a perpetual state of confrontation between Islamic and non-Islamic states.  [3]  Though Muslims, like any other non-Muslim, have multiple identities religious, ethnic, tribal, linguistic or territorial, the emphasis by the Islamists on the Islamic identity puts them in collision course with the state and other groups. Islamist intellectuals, ulema and activists have been seeking to blur the distinction between Islam as a religion and nationalism. They prop up the Islamic political consciousness by politicising already existing religious traditions and practices and by resisting change and modernisation. The concept of Ummah or Millat is being invoked to abet, support and legitimise the secessionist movements of Muslims living in non-Muslim states. If one goes by the strict definition of the term Islamic fundamentalism, it stands for a return to the doctrines of Islam in their original form as were practised in the medieval times. It could also mean idealising the historical past of Islam and calling for a return to pure and original Islam, which can be achieved through peaceful, lawful, cultural and spiritual means. But in practice, the focus of Islamists has been Islamisation of the state rather than reform of the individuals. It has generated conflict as the Islamic fundamentalists seek to impose their will through coercion, violence and terror. Islamist extremists pose a challenge to the secular and democratic polity, pluristic social order and inter-religious harmony. With the rise of Taliban to power, Afghanistan became the breeding ground of Islamist terrorism. The Taliban enforced their extremist religious and socio-political agenda and turned Afghanistan into the hub of arms, drugs trafficking and international terrorism with Osama bin Laden using it as a base of Al Qaida and other Islamist terrorist outfits. The threat posed by Laden and the Taliban to world peace and security was universally recognised and UN sanctions were imposed against the Taliban. Undaunted by international criticism, the Taliban unleashed atrocities against women, children, ethnic-religious minorities and political opponents, thereby deepening the internal divide in Afghanistan, besides violating the basic human rights of Afghans. The UN and other international peace initiatives made no headway in the face of determined Taliban opposition to share power with rival Afghan groups. Afghanistan remained fractured and turbulent posing great challenge to peace and security i n the region. The Taliban rebuffing all international appeals and ignoring widespread international condemnation, not only went ahead with the destruction of the colossal Buddhas of Bamiyan, but even made a public demonstration of their savage acts  [4]  . By destroying the rich and composite historical cultural heritage of Afghanistan, the Taliban sought to reaffirm Afghanistans lead role as a puritan Islamist state in South and Central Asia and also to set an agenda for radical Islamist forces. Osama bin Laden and his network played a key role in the terrorist attacks in South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and also in the West. However, it was only after the 9/11 terrorist strikes on World Trade Centre and Pentagon that the United States and its Western allies recognised the severity of the challenge posed by Al Qaida and the Taliban. The US garnered sufficient political will to lead the global war against terrorism. The US-led forces have severely mauled the Taliban and the Al Qaida, destroyed much of their military machine and bases. However, both the Taliban and elements of the Al Qaida network still exist and are again growing within Afghanistan and neighbouring Pakistan. Leaders and thousands of supporters of Al Qaida and the Taliban militia have shifted to Pakistan. So ensuring sustainable security and stability in Afghanistan is a great challenge facing the international community. This can be achieved only by total elimination of the Al Qaida network, their sup porters, financiers, safe havens and training camps in various parts of the world. METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM To analyse the reasons of rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan and its threat to the world. hypothesis Islamic Fundamentalism is a global phenomenon and its affects can be felt across frontiers. Afghanistan has become fountain head of Islamic fundamentalism. Afghanistan lies in the middle of a region fermenting Islamic fundamentalist terrorism. This is one single-largest source of terrorism on the planet earth, with scope for expansion into Central Asian Region, China, Eastern Europe, South and South East Asia. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY With the development of modern communications and various connections between the terrorist groups on the increase, the trend of global terrorism is on the increase. Islamic fundamentalism which has been raising its head to support terrorism as a weapon for its war against the non believers. While all religions have their chauvinists, it is resurgent Islam which somehow appears to be at the forefront of terrorism. Of course there is a secular version of Islam but the vast majority of the Muslims believe that they can be true Muslims only if they live in an Islamic state. It is the self perception that true believers have a God given right to promote the historical relevance of a religion that is behind much of todays global terrorism. In fact Islamic fundamentalists are hypothesising that with the end of the cold war, secularism in their countries is giving way to their brand of Islam and are presenting themselves as an alternative to westernised rulers.  [5]   Afghanistan, which has had a long turbulent past including a period of erstwhile Soviet occupation, has been taken over by Islamic fundamentalism after a long and bitter conflict between various groups out of which as of late the Taliban has been the most successful. The Taliban have been trained in various Deeni Madrasas  [6]  and have been indoctrinated to enforce a very strict kind of Islamic rule on Afghanistan which is unlike any traditions in that countries much volatile past. Moreover with weapons and infrastructure supplied by the US to fight the Soviet occupation and those left behind by the Soviets gives a chance to the restless youth of Afghanistan to export terrorism with a religious face throughout the world. In view of this, it is quite possible that Afghanistan will become a major focal point for Islamic terrorists to train and act on the existing non Islamic states with the overt/ covert support of Islamic states. SCOPE 7. The study would concentrate on the rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan with special reference to Taliban and its effect on the world. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 8. The study is primarily based on information gathered from books written by prominent Indian, foreign authors as well as information available on the internet. The books and periodicals used for the purpose of research have been drawn from the Library of Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington. Other sources of information are articles written in Indian, Pakistani, Western newspapers and news services such as the CNN and BBC as well as some defence journals. A bibliography of the sources is appended at the end of the text. The guidance given by Colonel SK Karwal, the Directing Staff has been of immense value in preparation of this paper. Afghanistan being a very current topic has undergone a series of ups and downs during the course of my preparation of the dissertation. ORGANISATION OF DISSERTATION 9. It is proposed to study the subject under the following heads:- (a) Chapter I. Introduction Methodology. (b) Chapter II. The Growth of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan. (c) Chapter III. Afghanistan as Source of Terrorism in the Region. (d) Chapter IV. Religious Intolerance. (e) Chapter V. The Nexus between Drug Trafficking and Terrorism. (e) Chapter VI. The Afghanistan Conflict and Energy Security. (f) Chapter VII. Conclusion.